Walmart Case Study

Chapter 1&038 2 faculty 1 Wal-Mart Case Study Shannan Haynes St Gregorys University Give a short describe of the history of the connection, and trace the evolution of its strategy. listen to determine whether the strategies evolution of your gild is the merchandise of intended strategies, emergent strategies, or near combination of the two. The Wal-Mart story began in 1962 when surface-to-air missile Walton undefended the first discount investment comp whatsoever in Rogers, AR. In 1970 Wal-Mart experienced monumental growth and made huge advancements In1970 Wal-Mart capable its first diffusion c premise and the Wal-Mart plate Office in Bentonville, AR.By 1970 Wal-Mart engaged 1,500 associates and had 38 depots with gross revenue of $44. 2 million. In 1970 Wal-Mart also began selling sh bes all over the promise as a publicly-held caller. In 1971 Wal-Marts stock had is first 100 portion split. At that time Wal-Mart had stores operating in tail fin states. By 1975 W al-Mart utilize to a greater extent than 7,500 associates and had 125 stores. By 1977 Wal-Mart was operating in 10 states and opened Wal-Mart Pharmacy. Their growth go on into 1980, when Wal-Mart stock split 100 portion for the fourth time. That year Wal-Mart opened the largest distribution center in Palestine Texas.In the late 1990s, Wal-Mart became the largest private employer in the world. They employed 1,140,000 employees. In 2000 Wal-Mart appointed H. Lee Scott as its chief operating shooticer. That year Fortune magazine stratified the order fifth in its global Most Admired All-Stars list and named Wal-Mart the three most admired keep association in America. Wal-Mart made a loading to dally environsal sustainability into its calling in 2005. They opened a store in McKinney, Texas that salvage energy and conserved natural resources, and reduced pollution. They were also active in conserving fine wild sustenance habitats.By 2005 Wal-Mart employed to a greater exte nt than 1. 6 million employees and had much than 6200 stores. By 2006, the lean of employees grew to more than 176 million and 6779 locations. In February 2007 Wal-Mart helped discharge Better Health C atomic number 18 Together, by and by that year, Wal-Mart expanded its successful 4 dollar mark generic program. By 2007 Wal-Mart had save their customers more than $396 million on prescription medicate costs. On February 1, 2007, mike Duke took over as chief operating officer. (Pereira, 2002) surface-to-air missile Walton built Wal-Mart on wonder for the Individual, Service to the Customer, and he al shipway strived for Excellence.He respected his employees and was committed to his customers. With commitment to his customers came miserable prices. Wal-Mart strategy is an intended strategy. It is clear and direct. It was jell into place in the 1960s by Sam Walton, and refined over the decades. The company is purple of its strategy and even incorporates it within its soubriq uet Always Low prices, Always. (Pereira, 2002) Identify the armorial bearing and major name and addresss of the company. Saving people bills was Sam Waltons goal when he opened his first store 40 years ago. Wal-Mart still has the same goal today.Wal-Mart has expanded their savings to energy, prescription drugs and has partnered with suppliers and stakeholders to name a competitive usefulness. Wal-Mart mission is to do well as a craft but to also do honorable. (Walmart, 2009) Do a preliminary analysis of the interior strengths and weaknesses of the company and the opportunities and threats that it faces in its environment. On the fanny of this analysis, identify the strategies that you think the company should pursue. Wal-Mart is the look one retailer in the coupled States. Wal-Mart has a report card for low prices, public toilet and a large selection of products.Wal-Mart has invested into engineering science and an international logistics system. Wal-Mart is global but has a presence in comparatively hardly a(prenominal) countries. Wal-Mart has invested in human resources and retention of their stave but still expect elongated bear on relation problems. Wal-Mart has been cited by labor groups for wage issues, shift scheduling, and inventplace abuses. Wal-Mart has been incriminate by community groups of destroying the local retail environment in the downtowns of small towns. (Marketing instructor , 2000) Wal-Mart still has some(prenominal) opportunities to merge, or rebound alliances with other global retailers.Wal-Mart groundwork do more to call attention to its good deeds to help with their image issues. Wal-Mart can continue to expand its su portioners into large cities. (Avila, 2009) Who is the CEO of the company? Evaluate the CEOs leadership capabilities. On February 1, 2007, microphone Duke took over as CEO of Wal-Mart. On June 5, 2009, Mike Duke announced that Wal-Mart was up 6 percent to $3. 35 per sh be and that 7. 3 one mil lion million million dollars were returned to sh arholders. He also said that sales surpassed 400 billion for the first time. Wal-Mart has absolute balance sheets and access to capital markets.Mike Duke has enhanced training and development of Wal-Marts global workforce. He has also reiterated Wal-Marts commitment to low prices. Based on profits and the commitments he has outlined, I would regulate that Mike Duke leadership capabilities as CEO are very promising. (Walmart, 2009)+ Apply the five forces poseur to the patience in which your company is base. What does this model tell you or so the genius of aspiration in the application? potential difference Competitors Medium pull Grocers could potentially enter into the retail side.Entry barriers are relatively gamey, as Wal-Mart has an outstanding distribution systems, locations, sign name, and financial capital to fend off competitors. Wal -mart often has an absolute cost expediency over other competitors. Rivalry Amon g establish Companies Medium Pressure Currently, there are three main incumbent companies that make up in the same market as Wal-Mart Sears, K Mart, and Target. Target is the strongest of the three in relation to retail. Target has experienced enormous growth in their domestic markets and has outlined their niche quit effectively.Sears and K-Mart seem to be drifting and have non challenged Wal-Mart in slightlytime. Mature industry life cycle. The dicker Power of Buyers Low haul The various(prenominal) buyer has little to no crush on Wal-Mart. Consumer advocate groups have complained about Wal-Marts pricing techniques. Consumer could shop at a competitor who base on ballss comparable products at comparable prices, but the convenience is lost. dicker Power of Suppliers Low to Medium pressure Since Wal-Mart holds so much of the market share, they offer a lot of line of reasoning to manufacturers and wholesalers. This gives Wal-Mart a lot of ower because by Wal-Mart threatenin g to shift to a different supplier would bring out a scare tactic to the suppliers. Wal-Mart could vertically integrate. Wal-Mart does deal with some large suppliers similar Proctor &038 Gamble, Coca-Cola who have more carry off supply than small suppliers. Threat of substitutes-Low pressure The market is crowded but Wal-Mart has the utmost costs, prices, profits, and market share Wal-Mart is able to negotiate for pricing. This analysis tells me that Wal-Mart does not have to touch about threat to new entrants because it has the mental object to produce more in swan to lower the cost.There are high barriers of entry for companies trying to come into the retail industry because of the resources that Wal-Mart has. Are any changes fetching place in the big environment that might have an stupor, positive or negative, on the industry in which your company is based? If so, what are these changes, and how might they fix the industry? Wal-Mart has received some lamentable pre ss in the former(prenominal) and is do great commitments to helping the health and benefit of our nation. In 2005 Wal-Mart made a commitment to become more environmentally friendly. Wall-mart choose an approach they call Sustainability 360.This approach looks for ways to reduce their environmental impact. In 2008, they announced a new set of clear defined environmentally and socially trusty practices into their supply chain, where goods are made in a way that protects our planet. (Walmart, 2009) The economy has affected many companies recently however Wal-Marts overall sales arent rising dramatically, but they are raising, even as the economy grinds to a halt. (Gross, 2008) I believe Wal-Marts macro enviroment is affecting them both positvely and negatively. Identify any strategic groups that might exist in the industry.How does the enthusiasm of aspiration differ across these strategic groups? Walmarts meanst competitors are those in its strategic group. Included in thi s group are Wal-Mart, Kmart, Target, and Fred Meyer. Wal-Mart is looking to grow. Their current initiative, Project Impact, aims to make stores easier and quicker to navigate, advance customer service, and to move in on competitors territory as much as possible. Project Impact calls for remodeling about 70% of Wal-Marts in the next five years, and improving sales in major competitors fields, such as toys and crafts.Wal-Mart has more staying power and is able to dominate its competitors. Target is Wal-Marts closet competitor. Target is positioned well and has some staying power but Kmart was forced into bankruptcy. The logical implication of this on Wal-Marts competitors is bigger, more benignant Wal-Marts. (Avila, 2009) How dynamic is the industry in which your company is based? Is there any evince that innovation is reshaping competition or has through with(p) so in the recent past? The retail industry is dynamic with the prior innovation being department stores, commit ord er retailing and chain garland stores. However, shopping has changed.Big-box stores like Wal-Mart was influential in the evolution of retail trade, providing among other modern features a one-stop convenience with low prices that many consumers seem to appreciate. (Emerald, 2006) In what stage of its life cycle is the industry in which your company is based? What are the implications of this for the intensity of competition both now and in the prox? The Supercenters and Big Box stores are in their growth lifecycle. Led by Wal-Mart, the industry has displayed exceptional growth over the last 10 to 15 years, in the main at the expense of other retailers.What makes this erratic is that the discount department store industry was perceived as being at maturity. There are signs that the industry is advance saturation level. However, the industry is expected to do well through the recession. (Emerald, 2006) Is your company based in an industry that is becoming more global? If so, w hat are the implications of this changed for competitive intensity? Yes, the retail industry has become more global. Wal-Marts international operations currently check 2,980 stores in 14 countries outside the unify States.According to Wal-Marts 2006 Annual Report, the International section accounted for about 20. 1% of sales. Wal-Mart has inventory guidance system that no other company is apt to come even close to competing with. This enables it to vary its inventory from store to store and across cultures Wal-Mart has gone global with its buying strategy, and it now puts Chinese suppliers in competition with suppliers from Mexico, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, as well as the unite States. worldwideization has changed everything by making technology and methods of production mobile, and by lowering business coordination costs. The big box discount retailers have changed the nature of global competition. (Palley, 2008) Analyze the impact of national condition as it pertains to the in dustry in which your company is based. Does national context help or blank out your company in achieving a competitive advantage in the global marketplace? Wal-Mart has a strong economic affect in any area of the world. Wal-Mart has built an conglomerate on a low-cost model but at the same time, Wal-Mart has set about reflection for labor practices and indirect burdens on our social and welfare programs.Some of the business practices of Wal-Mart like the employees wage-benefits package, and the underemployment of women and minorities are the subject of on-going debate at the national level. Wal-Mart continues to work on its image and faces the same criticism globally as they do nationally. The reputation that Wal-Mart has here in the U. S. may hinder international expansion, but will not stop it. (USA at present, 2009) References Avila, J. D. (2009). How Wal-Mart Will Save Wal-Mart. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from B-Net Today http//www. bnet. com/2403-13241_23-158179. html Emer ald. (2006).Retrieved April 17, 2010, from Globalizations winners and losers Lessons http//www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do? contentType= article&038hdAction=lnkhtml&038contentId=1563323 Gross, D. ( 2008, Febuary 26). Slate. Retrieved from The Wal-Mart Puzzle http//www. slate. com/id/2185221/ Marketing Teacher . (2000). Retrieved April 15, 2010, from gussy up Analysis Wal-Mart http//marketingteacher. com/SWOT/walmart_swot. htm Palley, T. (2008). Manufacturing meets Wal-Mart The Economics of Global Out-sourcing. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from Economics for Democratic and Open Societies http//www. homaspalley. com/? p=19 Pereira, M. (2002, April ). Mike Pereira Written full treatment and Opinions . Retrieved April 15, 2010, from A Case Study on Wal-Mart Stores Inc. http//www. mike-pereira. com/subpage/docs/walmartcs. htmii2 USA Today. (2009). Retrieved April 17, 2010, from Wal-mart Watch www. usatoday. com/money/ /2003-11-10-walmart_x. htm Walmart. (2009). Ret rieved April 15, 15, from Our agency Saving people money so they can live better. http//walmartstores. com/sites/sustainabilityreport/2009/ec_overview. html

'Organic Foods Are They Really Better for Us? Essay\r'

'Consumer nourishment aw arness is growing and with it the subscribe to of going a delegacy back to basics. To fulfil take aways of these muckle, hotel restaurants as well as early(a) intellectual nourishment bylets starts to hold status entire pabulum as a marketing tool. In current market complete products turn in the appearance _or_ semblance to be an easy and quite inexpensive means to elevate the prestige of a restaurant. The General Manager of the Savoy Hotel- Kieran Macdonald (cited in Hammond, Shepard 2010) says: â€Å"Luxury has changed in the last a few(prenominal) years from the point of how it is defined… it employ to mostthing that was real materialistic… and very new.\r\n at a clip gr waste deal be tone for authenticity †something that has integrity behind it”. INTRODUCTION (continued) chief(prenominal) re unbendingions in innate victuals proceeds: * Before a license is given(p) and on a yearly al-Qaeda after, all f armers and processors are subjected to rigorous superintendences (Bord Bia 2011). * genuinely limited use of synthetic pesticide, fertiliser, blood antibiotics, nutrition for thought additives and growth regulators is allowed in natural farming. * Use of genetically modified being (GMO’S) is completely prohibited * Livestock must be provided with complete turn tail in a free-range, open-air farm.\r\n* At touch stage use of artificial flavourings and colorants is not allowed, only authorised by the European Commission non- complete ingredients, additives or processing assist stinkpot be employ with strict limit. * Distri andion and sales involve square-toed produce labelling- the producer lay down and name or code number of the inspection body must be provided. (European Commission, cultivation and Rural Development ,Organic Farming 2011) wholly the above would suggest, that choosing perfect is the high hat realizable choice that consumer crowd out make, quieten does the native forage really equal full(prenominal) quality, much nutrients, develop try out and so forth?\r\nCan consumption of constitutive(a) food make a loss to our health? Many studies were carried out to solution those questions and I entrust elaborate on them in later stages of my assignment. NUTRITIONAL mensurate OF natural FOODS VIA CONVENTIONAL FOODS â€Å"Nutrition and food sentry go trends are at the centre-of-the-plate this year. Restaurants are update menus to reflect nutrition policy and trends, consumer desires for vicissitude and quality, and chef innovations” (Restaurant Industry Forecast, National Restaurant link 2011)\r\nA lot of research was conducted in late(prenominal) years in nightclub to antitheticaliate nutritionary protect of natural and conventional food produce. I depart focus this assignment on full(prenominal) demand foods like harvest and vegetable, dairy farm farm produce and nerve. Fruits, vegetables and g precipitates check to the studies conducted by a certified nutrition specialist Virginia Worthington (2001) an change magnitude sum of several nutrients is present in natural crops compared with their conventional equivalents. These included: * 27% to a greater extent(prenominal) vitamin C * 21. 1% much iron * 29.\r\n3% more than magnesium * 13. 6% more phosphorus * 15. 1% less nitrates than their conventional counterparts. Figure 3 The chart above illustrates the percentage of excess mineral content in organic compare to conventional crops. However, when the research was carried out the following factors (which are proven to realise an effect on a nutritional quality of the food) weren’t taken into cypher: * Quality of soil and fertility work * Storage orders * Forms of food consumption e. g. undecomposed, steamed, pureed, cooked from cold etc.\r\n* Climate in diametrical regions of the world (amount of rainfall and sunlight per twenty-four hour perio d) * The method and timing of harvest To get a real picture of a difference in a nutritional value of organic via conventional foods, a astronomic quantity of different origin s international ampereles would need to be tested. Findings that take into account the listed above factors were published in a hide â€Å"New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional favourable position of Plant-Based Organic feeds” (Benbrook, Zhao, Yanez, Davies and Andrews 2008, p.42) and state that: â€Å"Yes, organic plant-based foods are, on average, more nutritious in term of their nutrient density…\r\nThe average dowery…contains intimately 25% more of the nutrients…than a comparable-sized serving of the same food produced by conventional farming methods. ” NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF radical FOODS VIA CONVENTIONAL FOODS (continued) Milk and dairy produce another(prenominal) research, carried out on grass feed daunts, by Newcastle University in United Kingdom (2008) and publish ed online in the Journal of Science of Food and gardening showed that forage-based diet and natural grazing study a significant influence on take out composition.\r\nAn increase in safe superfatted acids, antioxidants and vitamins was notice when nutritional value of organic milk and conventional milk were compared. Meats Studies of laboratory animals demonstrate that farm-raised animal’s meat is soaringer in some fatty acids. Amount of CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid) found in animals fed organically grown diet is five times higher than the at once fed conventional diet. Meat and dairy products from organic animals are the richest known rise of this fatty acid (Butler 2008) Pastured cattle’s meat is also higher in vitamin E.\r\nEven when compared with cattle given supplements of vitamin E, the muscular contraction of this vitamin in organic cow’s meat is twice as high (Kluger, Jeffrey 2010). Lack of day light and fresh organic feed realise a significan t effect on amount of omega-3 fatty acid in chicken meat and eggs. 10 times more omega-3 was found in pastured hen’s egg when compared to factory hen’s egg (Kluger et al 2010) . INFLUENCE OF FOODS COMPONENTS ON CONSUMER’S HEALTH Fats and sugars A well-known fact is that today’s contemporaries is getting heavier. One of the reasons for it is a inclination of an orbit to eat foods witch are high in fats and sugars and low in vitamins and minerals.\r\nAnother well-known fact is that obese commonwealth are more likely to own from diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and other obesity-related illnesses. According to studies directed by DR. tire Davis (2004) in University of Texas-Austin, the vitamins and minerals concentration of many commonly consumed foods has dropped gradually (figure 4). Figure 4 Vitamins and fatty acids Vitamin E is well known antioxidants and is believed to have anti-aging properties. Eating food naturally chance on in this vita min can lower run a risk of heart distemper and cancer.\r\nFatty acids and CLA in particular might protect against different cancers. In addition omega -3 and 6 reduce risk of heart disease and arthritis and improve mental functions. Research conducted by Swiss scientist Lukas Rist and his team (2006) has found 50% higher levels of CLA in breast milk of mother, whose diet was based on organic milk and meat products. Large humane study reported that consumption of organic dairy products is closely connected with risk of eczema in infants being reduced (Kummeling, Thijs and Huber 2008) Pesticides and antibiotics.\r\n near pesticides allowed to be used in food business are proved to be dangerous for health. Findings of another research peril strong connection between pictorial matter to pesticides and a variety of health effects in humans. The ill effects can differ from headaches, fatigue and nausea to neurologic dis rescripts including cancer (U. S. General method of accoun ting social function 2001). An increase in development of drug-resistant bacterium in human body was observed in recent years. in addition early-onset pubescence in girls is a growing problem. creative activity of mentioned conditions is related to antibiotics being used in farming.\r\nOrganically raised animals and organic practices in general, avoid the abuse of antibiotics (Kluger et al 2010) seek AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR OF CHOOSING ORGANIC FOODS â€Å" fleck the growth in organic purchases is earlier in the retail category, consumers are demanding these offerings more when they dine out, and restaurant operators need to attain these demands. ” Nation’s Restaurant tidings (2011) Does organic food bask better? nigh people say that they cannot try out the difference, but organic isn’t a guarantee of taste.\r\nTaste of crops bounteously depends on quality of soil, weather conditions, treatments used by farmer etc. As taste is an entirely subjective matter, only pear-shaped scale double-blind taste test would garter in purpose out if organic crops have better, fresher, more complex flavours than industrial crops do. But without a doubt, abnormally large, also engineered tomatoes designed to ripen on the way to a distribution centre will never come close to the taste of its vine-ripened, fresh-picked cousin (Kluger et al 2010). Numbers of people looking for authentic food are increasing with any year.\r\nMore and more consumers want to grow their own fruit and vegetables, as they fill need of going back to basics. Fruits and vegetables that that can be seen every day in the shops don’t look like ones from grandmother’s garden. Not even one orchard apple tree with a wormhole makes buyers question their â€Å"realness”. Most high class hotel restaurants recognise the need and importance of providing their guests with fresh, fully nutrient organic food and as a dissolving agent information of the origin of produce used in preparation of meals is placed on the menu.\r\nETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ORGANIC FARMING A problematic issue, in non-organic agricultural areas, is soil and pissing pollution. According to findings of the U. S. Geological Survey over 90% of water and fish samples from rivers and nearly 50% of all tested wells contained a minimum of one pesticide (U. S. General Accounting Office 2001). Another shocking but common issue is relates to the way non-organic animals are raised. In order to fatten an animal, so it can be slaughter as fast as possible, a high-calorie, corn-based feed is used.\r\nTo increase productivity level large numbers of animals are jammed unitedly on factory farms. A cow raised in these conditions might be slaughter after just 14 months, while for a grass-feed cow it can take up to two and a half years before it showcase the knife (Kluger et al 2010). Last but not least way in which organic farming influence environs is by respecting use of countryside. In order to maintain a balance requisite by a healthy ecosystem organic farmers use a variety of non-chemical method for the control of pest and weeds.\r\nBy looking for disease resistant crops, that works the best in particular climate, they contribute in big way to protection of different varieties of dying out of forgotten species. termination There is no simple answer to the question asked in the topic of this assignment. first of all, we should remember that the purpose behind organic cultivation is not primarily about human nutrition †it’s more about protecting the environment. The world commonwealth is growing, obesity rate continue to climb, people eat more and more food take to be produced- all of that results in industrial engineering tricks being use in food production.\r\nSome of us are aware of the above and contract organic. Unfortunately, because of overuse of agricultural chemicals over past decades, they are all-pervasive in rainf all and water that is held in the soil and in permeable rocks. Due to drift via wind and rain organic crops are also subject to them, so organic food cannot be a guarantee of 100% toxic free. This assignment confirms that organically-grown plants, animals and dairy products are more nutritious, yet the health effect of have organic cannot be assess by simple lab test.\r\nMonitoring of health of individuals over generations is the only way of finding out if organic is really better. And still a healthy balance, in types of foods eaten, needs to be maintained. Person that throughout the day eats large amounts of organic coffee tree and pastries and drink seven organic coffees and have a six pack of organic beer with organic burger and chips for dinner is missing the point. Also restaurants play a big section in cr eat a healthy eating concept.\r\nGood chefs know, that methods of cooking and focusing on seasonal and local products, to minimise the time between harvesting and eatin g, can be more important than whether a food is organic or non-organic. And finally, before decision making on what to put on our plate, either organic or not, we should always confront in mind a very meaningful phrase: â€Å"You are what you eat”.\r\nREFERENCES: Benbrook C. , Zhao X. , Yanez J. , Davies N. , Andrews P. (2008) â€Å"New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional superiority of Plant-Based Organic Foods” available: http://www. organic-center. org/science. nutri.php? action= peck&report_id=126, [accessed: 10 Oct 2011] Bord Bia-Irish Food notice (2011) â€Å"Organic Food” available: http://www. bordbia. ie/aboutfood/organicfood/Pages/OrganicFood. aspx [accessed 4 Oct 2011].\r\nButler, Newcastle University (2008), â€Å"Organic Free skimming Cows Are Cream Of The naturalise” ScienceDaily, available: http://www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2008/05/080527101003. htmhttp://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/05/080527101003. htm, accessed: 16 Oct 2011 European Commission, tillage and Rural Development ,Organic Farming (2011), â€Å"What is organic farming?\r\n” available: http://ec. europa. eu/agriculture/organic/organic-farming/what-organic_en [accessed 04 Oct 2011] Hammond R. , Shepard A. (2010)”The Savoy †a atomic number 19 hotel? ” available: http://www. greentraveller. co. uk/blog/savoy-london-green-hotel [accessed 06 Oct 2011] Kluger, Jeffrey. (2010)”What’s So Great About Organic Food? ”, Time, Vol. 176 Issue 9, p30-40, available: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? sid=e6bef63d-8e95-431c-9fd9-523ebf5edba0%40sessionmgr111&vid=2&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d.\r\n'

'Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation Essay\r'

'Subject:\r\nHuman trafficking is the under-the-counter mess in persons used for productive slavery, call downual exploitation, obligate labor, organ remotion, and separate forms of slavery. In genus genus genus genus Argentina, it is a crime punishable by fairness, however the state continues to be a source and hub for trafficking.\r\nExecutive unofficial:\r\nHuman trafficking is an supra subject field crime, and a entrancement of military personnel rights; however, it is a felony that is still affiliated frequently end-to-end the inter content community. The turn up stems from a need of communication in the midst of tike and federal g all overnments, as advantageously as the overlook of tri-b parliamentary procedure chequer. In order to chip this, judicature officials and law enforcement officers command to be educated on the reddened flags of adult male trafficking. There as well as require to be more(prenominal) backing and co-occurrence for goo d systems and organizations advocating to end kind-hearted trafficking. Additionally, in that respect inescapably to be more environ control on the three leeways that fudge Argentina.\r\nDiscussion:\r\n fit to the ­Protocol to Prevent, smash and Punish Trafficking, trafficking is defined as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the little terror use of force or former(a) forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability” (UNODC). Trafficking is not circumscribed to sexual exploitation; practices include: obligate labor or services, slavery, servitude, or the removal of organs. This is an ongoing issue because the join Nations as well as individual countries stomach laws once morest these crimes solely no one to get wind that the laws are beingness followed.\r\nIn Argentina, kind-hearted trafficking is now part of the political docket becau se of its link to organized crime. Official constitution in Argentina has made pass on in dealings with tender-hearted trafficking, they consent signed and ratified all UN conventions and protocols dealing with human trafficking as a crime. In 2000, Argentina signed the â€Å"Protocol to Prevent, chasten and Punish trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children”, this supplemented the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized annoyance (UNODC). The protocol was later ratified in 2002, however there is still build up to be made because the number of sight being trafficked it still high. In 2010, more than 600 women were abducted in 18 months, â€Å"for each know upshot there are 6 otherwisewises which remain invisible” (Piché).\r\nArgentina is a central point for human trafficking trade; men, women, and children from northern and coarse areas are agonistic into prostitution in urban centers or wealthier provinces in central and so uthern Argentina. many an(prenominal) of those trafficked through the triple frontier are destined for the illegal labour commercialise in Argentina. However in Argentina, it is estimated that 90 percent of the trafficking dupes are sexually work women. Additionally, women from Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, and the Dominican Re popular are subjected to trafficking in Argentina. According the United States Department of state, â€Å"in 2011 the number of labor trafficking victims determine was over three times the number of sex trafficking victims identify during the year” (Trafficking).\r\nArgentina has consistently attracted migrants from Latin American regions seeking develop economic opportunities. There are around 2 million immigrants from Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay. felonious immigration fuels the trafficking business because they are fatal into the country, and they are easy victims for trafficking rings (Project Protection). At the same time, Argen tineans from the northern provinces are at high risk for trafficking because of extreme poverty, leave out of education, and access to health services.\r\nPolice in the northwestern province of Jujuy present real more than 50 handles of missing up bestir oneself-fangled women since September 2005. virtually of these women have done for(p) to see roughly jobs and were never seen again (Project Protection). Most end up in major cities and tourist areas\r\nCorruption indoors the police force has also continueed Argentina from decreasing trafficking order in the country. It has been describe that police officials have participated in culpable activities related to trafficking, which thwarts government efforts to prevent trafficking from happening. According to a report released by the military post to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, regime are currently investigating over 75 federal officials who have been outback(a) from their positions after turning a guile eye to trafficking related difficultys. However as of 2011, the government did not prosecute or convict any government officials knotted in human trafficking. Officers have looked in the other direction when approach path across sex and labor trafficking activity, or leaning off brothel owners about raids coming up.\r\nThe Argentine government has made give over the past few age collecting data and halt human trafficking. Over the past year, the government has describe and recorded the number of trafficking victims found, and go throughed protocols and guidelines to eat up trafficking, the country has increased prosecutions and convictions of trafficking. Further, the Argentine government funded five shelters to set up throughout the country as safe-havens.\r\nPart of the keep made is due to one of the roughly well known cases in Argentina, the case involving Marita Veron. Maria de los Angeles Veron (Marita) went missing in 2002, when she was kidnapped. A few days late r she was seen escaping from a house, but was taken on to a bus where she was never seen again. Her mother launched a campaign to find her daughter, and soon became a symbol of the fight against human trafficking in Argentina.\r\nThe Ministry of Security reported identifying about 1,000 victims, most of these victims being brought into Argentina from other countries much(prenominal) as Paraguay and Bolivia. A majority of human trafficking cases reported are reported as forced labor cases however, recently their have been more sex trafficking cases than labor cases. The pure tone and legal treatment of the victims varies from region to region, and many provinces overlooked resources to solicitude for trafficking victims, especially those in forced labor trafficking situations. Once the initial recommendation is recorded, it is up to the Secretariat for Childhood, Adolescence, and Family (SENAF) of the Ministry of Social tuition to lead follow-up care and financial aid alongsi de the provincial authorities.\r\nThe government officials in each province, as well as SENAF officials should have greater access to resources required to provide the best care affirmable to human trafficking victims. According to the NGO, the office’s legalness in providing sufficient care for human trafficking victims is consistently questioned based on flawed data reports and the inability to provide service to the victims.\r\nPoor coordination among officials in Argentina is preventing the human rights laws from being as effective as they could. The lack of communication betwixt the federal and provincial governments continues to hinder the speciality of anti- trafficking efforts. In many provinces, there is modified or no funding for the provincial and local efforts working to combat human trafficking in their area which creates an issue in making sure victims receive the right-hand(a) care.\r\nAuthorities reported funding campaigns for humanity awareness and pu blic service announcements about trafficking. These PSA’s are being shown on long distance buses and expose on television, but until the country receives the square-toed funding, support for legal systems, the human trafficking problem will continue.\r\nIn December 2010, the rude(a) Ministry of Security attempted to coordinate the efforts of varied federal law entities, create a database system for human trafficking crimes, and establish protocols with other ministries to strength federal- take aim collaboration. NGO’s also targeted the Ministry of Security, government officials, and federal law officers in order to improve the enforcement of human trafficking laws in Argentina.\r\nSpecialized services for trafficking victims remain techy across the country; competing mandates and lack of coordination surrounded by federal and provincial authorities caused delays in approximately investigations, and significant allegations of trafficking-related complicity of go vernment officials at the local and federal level prevented more comprehensive anti-trafficking efforts.\r\nWith the corrupt police force, and lack of funding, Argentina will never be able to successfully go across the programs. NGOs and some officials asserted that poor coordination among the federal and provincial governments continue to hinder the effectiveness of anti-trafficking efforts, as did limited or nonexistent funding for provincial and local efforts to combat trafficking.\r\nThe Argentine Government, in collaboration with the International geological formation of Migrations, has recently published a report on human trafficking. The report identified crucial gaps in the fight against human trafficking that need to be addressed: 1. The lack of qualification of judiciary personnel and the lack of knowledge concerning the dynamics of human trafficking networks and international and national laws and treaties. 2. The lack of security along the Tri-Border area.\r\n3. The la ck of human and material resources to post out adequate investigations. 4. The absence of programs for the nub and long-term assistance to the victims and lack of security measures for the witnesses.\r\nThe biggest issue for Argentina comes from the Tri-Border area. Along the knell between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, young prostituted children and adolescents can be seen on the streets of towns such as Puerto Iguazu, Argentina; Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; and Ciudad del Este, Paraguay.\r\nAfter geezerhood of debate within the Senate in Argentina, a law was passed to â€Å"prevent trafficking in persons, treasure victims of trafficking, and punish perpetrators of human trafficking” (Project Protection). Under the new law, prison sentences were established for those convicted of participating in the recruitment, transportation, or reception of concourse for the place of sexual or labor exploitation. The law provides protective measures for victims of trafficking, and gi ves victims the right to free psychological, medical, and legal assistance, in add-on to the right to privacy.\r\nThe formation of American State has closely watched Argentina’s anti-trafficking efforts. the Argentine government has partnered with an establish in Buenos Airs to create incentives in urban areas for companies that obey the country’s labor laws.\r\nBased on the issues identified above, it is recommended that the Argentine government uses a multipartite approach to stop trafficking.\r\nRecommended action :\r\nIn order for Argentina to successfully combat human trafficking at a national level, the government needs to continue to implement the anti-trafficking law with increased efforts to investigate, prosecute, convict, and punish trafficking offenders, including public and police officials who are involved in trafficking crimes. An increase in funding for victim assistance, particularly through shelters and specialized services, on a local and national level would also be beneficial to stopping internal trafficking. There should be continued education for law enforcement officials, public figures, a judiciary actors to know how to stop a trafficking ring.\r\nTo prevent trafficking in individual provinces in Argentina, the government must develop and implement protocols for provincial officials to identify and assist trafficking victims. continue investigations of labor trafficking in urban and rural areas of Argentina, and holding companies whose supply chains expediency from labor trafficking accountable for their actions. The government needs to have break down communication between the federal and provincial officials to develop and national anti-trafficking plan, and continue to raise awareness nationwide.\r\nThe two-lobed approach to educating and preventing trafficking in Argentina involves an concordance between the Defense Ministry, and the Buenos Aires provincial schooling Ministry. This partnership would create pro tection by educating military and law enforcement officials, in addition to students to be aware of the human trafficking issue, and how to prevent and protect themselves.\r\nThe final solution is better call up control across the tri-frontier. The geography already creates an area that is exhausting to protect. It is hard to monitor traffic coming in and out of three countries, and some people just completely surpass border control and show no assignment when passing between one country and the next. This area annually generates over $6 billion of illicit money and is well-nigh devoid of all governmental control.\r\nMost governments among the TBA deny the problem claiming they have not detected activity in the regions, but other countries disagree. It is vital that Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina start paying closer attention to the border in order to stop trafficking among other illicit activity. The Argentine government’s multilateral approach to stopping trafficking b y educating, training, raising awareness, and implementing better border control will help to decrease trafficking rates in Argentina, and eventually put a stop to it.\r\nThank you for your time,\r\nMelanie Rose\r\nSources:\r\nhttp://www.protectionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Argentina.pdf\r\nhttp://www.avijorisch.com/9560/tri-border-region\r\nhttp://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/192366.htm\r\nhttp://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/Trafficking_in_Persons_2012_web.pdf\r\n'

'Contemporary Religious Issues in Christianity Essay\r'

'Over metre in various trusts, there has been contravene. If non within peerless particular apparitional printing then there would be unlike with each nigh other. messiahianity is a pietism that just more or less certainly has this issue. With many struggles in religion that multitude ar governing body with at present that would assists in the instalment of our serviceman population, nigh(prenominal) religions still sh be some of the rattling(prenominal)(p) beliefs. Though all religions ar immensely different, the overall belief is ge ard to acclamation and worship deity. Two religions that leave be established in this paper that conflict with Christianity ar Judaism and Islam.\r\nIn Judaism, besides cultural division within, most of their conflict is with modern inn. In Islam, the Muslim club has a keen political out liveliness that has been coupled with their religious beliefs and stereotyping has been more recently a spark dispatch for conflic t. In this paper we will discuss the contemporary issues within Christianity. We will recap the diachronic confederations and theological similarities with other religions such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Judaism and Islam. We will also ram a look at Christian designations and how they interact with Buddhism.\r\nContemporary Issues within Christianity Christians fall in struggles among their own religion, and with other religions beliefs. Christian’s belief in cardinal deity, deity of Love. We preempt find a message in the passages of the Bible; in Genesis, a foundation about paragon’s creation. The concepts: stewardship and creativity, God blessed them; and God gave them this message, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and curtail it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky, and over every sp secureliness thing that moves on the earth. Bible) 2012 â€Å".\r\nThe Love of God gets lost in our daily sus hug drugtat ion style because the temptation, we sin and man mistreated God’s stewardship, and we don’t follow what God is teaching us to do. Christianity and other religions in this untried focal point of living, we all are take exception to face an inevitable change. Social and impudent engine room is responsible for innovative changes. We ask ourselves, what about religion in the future. Influences, crisis, economy are slowly changing the conservative religion to their surrounding of cultures.\r\nThis changes are big new choices to each one of us, and some choices are giving us ethical and cultural choices that force us to examine ourselves in our most basic philosophical retrieves. Christians and other religions are facing some areas that may raise ethical and religion beliefs. How Christian must respond to such conditions? How can we live with this participation and culture that surrounds us? â€Å"Christ of Culture” perspective is merely the opposite of â €Å"Christ against Culture” This mode of living brings culture and Christianity together.\r\nGod is giving us deportment †wherefore domain want to decide to sell remote our own lives or others. Where is our belief and trust, or mainly where is our Faith in God. Why we want to take control. If God will us life; we must belief and flip trust that he has a plan in our lives. Ethical frontier of adult life. Do individuals create the right to end their own lives or the lives or their loved ones? Even with major circumstances, do we get the control; where is our assent and consider that God does the impossible.\r\nChristianity questions about today is inquisitive about euthanasia. peaceful or Active). Passive allowing the person to die by discontinuing their treatments and brisk is taking some positive tincture to terminate the person life by toxic substance or the stroke of an air bubble into the blood stream. mercy killing is the act of putting the death o f a person which their illness in non curable but is violating the six ordinance” Thou shalt non kill (Murder). such(prenominal) consent does non relieve the slayer of guilt for the sin of murder. Euthanasia is an exemplar of murder, which is a categorically forbidden in scripture. Exodus 20:13 (Bakers, 1973), pp. 222 F.\r\nThis society is giving us the opportunity to take control in our own hand; new technology is changing tremendously our beliefs and if we don’t wake up. This society will be out of control. historic Connections and Theological Similarities with Other Religions The main historical connection between Judaism and Christianity is the particular that Christianity is a product of Judaism. This happened around the first blow C. E. when Christianity was spreading rapidly byout Europe.\r\n excessively Christianity systeming out of Judaism, it has a connection through Jesus Christ, as we all chicane Jesus was a Jew. In fact for most of his life Jes us set the Judaist faith and even celebrated Judaic holidays. Some of these holidays even became the basis for some of Christianity’s holidays, such as easterly which is based on the Jewish holiday â€Å"Passover”. Despite the fact that Christianity was a solution of Judaism, Christians tended to start out more freedom than Jews, art object the latter was often persecuted for practicing their religion.\r\nChristianity has a connection to Israel that is almost as satisfying as Judaism. Nazareth which is based in Israel is considered the birthplace of Jesus, as well the birthplace of the Jewish Christian Church, however after the destruction of the church service’s temple in 70C. E it seems that the church gradually faded into existence. dapple there may be some differences in how each religion worships and celebrates their religions. They some(prenominal)(prenominal) emphasize people being sympathetic towards one another(prenominal), believing in on e God, and just being an overall considerably human being.\r\nThe Christian and Islamic faith do share some of the same beliefs though their religions are vastly different. They both believe that there is one God and that God created the planet and mankind. They to both see to it that God is the modal value of morality and the way or path of justice. It is also believed between the two religions that overall judgment of life is decided after life by heaven or hell. The fundamentalists Muslims and Christians also believe in pollutants such as smut and licentious helps destroy a community or society.\r\nThere is a spacious negative emotion in the horse opera civilization in Islamic countries which explains the reasons of influences that germinate from out west. Of course there are obvious differences between both Christianity and Islam that will forever be unsettled. In these religions, glacial doctrines are the points in which Christianity and Islam disagree. The overall bill of both beliefs are peaceful, caring, and loving human beings. The Muslim religion has points of emphasis on being peaceful, for instance; In Islam, the Muslims look to calfskin 22:56 who dictate when speaking of religion there’s no fate.\r\nThough many in the world of Islam would believe that no compulsion means inside their religious world there is no competition amongst religion. Sura 29:46 sound outs do not take away a quarrel with away religions but only if there is ill-use doing. However, Sura 41:34 say to be make nice with the person doing wrong by doing good things for that person. more or less similar is the watchword which has its parts of conflict with violence mostly from the Old Testament. It contests that a Canaanite society is infested with evil doings curiously child sacrifice.\r\nGod sent Israelites to carry out against the particular injustice and further on did the same against the Israelites. Situations like this within the scriptures of the bi ble are specifically minimal in circumstances during this time all utilise by God. further as the ledger would suggest, their religion puts this type of command in any time, place, and against any people or religion. Christian Denominations In religion, there is a power struggle to keep itself together. The ten commandments were clear on this issue. â€Å" Thou shall not worship false idols”, (â€Å"Ten Commandments”, 2002-2011).\r\n only when there are seven gazillion people on this planet. Chances are that at least one of those seven million people would want to worship another idol. From this idea, they would separate from their original church and form their own church. Worshiping whomever they found fit to be the one who deserved to be worshiped. As a matter of fact, this has happened many generation in the history of Christianity and Judaism. Why are there so many Christian denominations? Well first we would have to furcate between the non-Christian cults, and the false religions.\r\nChristian denominations are Lutherans, as well as Presbyterians. then there are Jehovah’s witnesses and the Mormon religion, are examples of such cults. But islam and buddism are separate religions all together. Trials such as the protestant reformation gave stand within the Christian church to denominations. A movement to reform the roman Catholic church that took place during the 16th century. bug out of this event, four major division of handed-down Protestantism emerged. These four were Lutheran, reformed, Anglican, and Anabaptist.\r\nBut many more denominations would grow over the coming centuries. The denomination Lutheran was named after Martin Luther. This is based off of his teachings. Methodist was named from its founder, John Wesley. John Wesley was famed for coming up with methods for spiritual growth. Presbyterianism is named from their compute on the churches leadership, and finally, Baptists. They got the name from the importa nts of the baptism ceremony. But not all the other denominations believe in baptism. So each one has a slightly different doctrine. Another is the approachability of the lords supper to all.\r\nOr at least those who’s testimonies could be verified by the church leaders. Looking at why they have divisions, it seems clear that its not about Christ as the lord and savior. But it seems kind of the differences of opinion by godly, flawed evidence, people seeking god. Seeking to retain opinionated purity of what is their understanding of his word. Looking at today, denominations are many and vary wildly. The denominations have spawned numerous styles such as Nazarenes, Christian and Missionary Alliance, Evangelical Free, Assemblies of God, ect.\r\nSome styles of denomination, emphasizes very piffling doctrinal differences. But more often, they hardly offer different styles of worship. trying on the differences of Christians. This is the cause for so many forms of Christianity . ratiocination In this paper we have departed over the contemporary issues within Christianity. We have reviewed the historical connections and theological similarities with other religions such as Judaism and Islam. We have also interpreted a look at Christian denominations and how they interact with Buddhism.\r\nIn our research we have found that Christianity and other religions in this new way of living, we all are challenge to face an inevitable change. Social and new technology is responsible for new changes. In these religions, pivotal doctrines are the points in which Christianity and Islam disagree. Christianity has a connection to Israel that is almost as strong as Judaism. Some styles of denomination, emphasizes very little doctrinal differences. But more often, they simply offer different styles of worship.\r\n'

'Paul Watzlawick’s First Axiom Essay\r'

'Paul Watzlawick was an Austrian-born psychotherapist, psychoanalytic, sociologist and philosopher. He was scoop up accept for his venture in schizophrenia, as well as his confabulation opening regarding the five axioms. (Sack, Herald) His first axiom †â€Å" atomic number 53 can non not communicate” †states that no effect how much a person tries not to communicate, there will some spurts of communication going on. (Blanford, Roxanne) Watzlawick believed that every detailed mien sends a means, regardless whether it’s well-read or otherwise.\r\nTherefore, all behavior has communicative value. When I first read most his theory, I honestly thought that it was unreasonable. Personally, I thought that some clock unwitting actions do not mean that one is move any sorting of communication. However, according to kit out Welchlin, a well-known public speaker, he states that â€Å"no matter what you say, or presume’t say, people apply a meaning t o it”. He gave an type of his notification on how the value of a co- manoeuverer from a marble factory was recognized by the messages that the manager sent by means of his actions.\r\nIn addition, Eric Myers, founder and C. E. O. of Myers Business nosology and Solutions LLC, said that people can make believe â€Å"judgment calls” to the non-verbal actions that the other is showing. â€Å"Words is exactly 7% of communication, body language 55%, and tone 38%”, Myers’ said at one of his talks. Another person who hold to the theory is Dr. Amy Gaffney, an assistant professor from University of Kentucky. She believes that umteen people don’t ceaselessly realize that anything that they do could â€Å"potentially be perceived as a form of communication”.\r\nShe gave a simple example of how a student who’s nervously presenting in front would react to her â€Å" diverting face” that she made because of the other uproarious stud ents behind her class. Besides the three authoritative speakers/researchers that I’ve mentioned above, there were also many a(prenominal) other researchers whom have agreed at some point towards Watzlawick’s theory. So, I decided to conduct a own(prenominal) experiment, with my brother as the subject of matter. I purposely picked him up late from his work place one day, and I discover his actions and behavior †which includes expressions, as he walked towards my car.\r\nI found out that although he did not mention that he was a puss irritated by my lateness, but his little fidgets and frowning of the eyebrows gave away. The findings of this experiment, combined with some additive researches, changed my perception towards Watzlawick’s theory. In fiddling †I agree to Watzlawick’s first-class honours degree Axiom of â€Å"One Cannot Not guide”. Since every of our behavior may be perceived as a form of communication, there will be tim es where our behavior doesn’t true(a)ly convey the message that we want to convey. These are called â€Å"unintentional communication”.\r\nOne very costly example is when someone is deep in thought, and so happen the person’s eyes are facing your direction. You would get rolling to wonder why the person is looking at at you, but in actual fact, the person isn’t. A man who’s wearing a suit and drives a luxurious car doesn’t needs mean that he’s rich. merely to the eyes of others, that person might be misperceived as rich. In a nutshell, Watzlawick’s theory of â€Å"One Cannot Not choke” is true, but to a certain extent, because not all behavior actually conveys the message that the person wants to convey.\r\n'

'Android: International Conference on Computer Essay\r'

'Porting alert vane cover rail counsel locomotive to the android course of study Yonghong Wu, Jianchao Luo, Lei Luo rail of calculating machine Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and rail mode locomotive room of China, Chengdu 610054 benbshmily@126.com, andyluomail@163.com, lluo@uestc.edu.cn Abstract humanoid which Google released as an open- fountain unstable ph adept direct remains is a Linux-establish political computer program; it consists of the direct carcass, middlewargon, and ingestionr port wine and practise softwargon. xFace is a cross-platform web practise engine for erratic mesh. As a global leader in spry web covering engine, xFace [1] has the advantages of versatility, easy to master, universal. It signifi screwingtly reduces the endeavour of maturement; while the go of testing which porting work delivers, provide greatly reduce the stand uper’s coachment costs. A perfect trans castt impart greatly reduce the humanoid platform migration workload, but alike to make widget’s string might to be improved.\r\nThis constitution describes xFace of internal reckon (c + +) runs on the humanoid ( coffee tree) platform through JNI shrieked, xFace porting work(c++) overly bellows the android platform APIs(coffee) by JNI, much(prenominal) as Graphics, HTTP and other(a)(a) related system facultys. Keywords†mechanical man, JNI, brisk web lotion Engine, Porting are the hot spot type of value-added intention, 3G runny terminals down the stairs a variety of value-added services would be the integration of up to provide users with chain services, it will be a technical major(ip) breakthrough. In addition, along with the WEB2.0 maturity, improving, it makes fluid profit to become an unavoidable trend in the future, while the development of next-generation officious communication terminal is the power of nomadic Internet development. xFace is a kind of engine of the web application.\r\nIt uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and other web technologies to develop lightweight mobile applications. Mobile applications, which are unquestionable by using the applied science of xFace, give the gate run on incompatible operating systems without every modification, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as windows Mobile, BREW, Symbian and other mobile phone platforms. It greatly reduces development efforts and costs of the mobile web application software. mechanical man as an open-source mobile phone platform, is favored by the major mobile phone Manufacturers, its large rate of grocery store share is also increasing. In this context, for mobile Internet and mobile terminals, this paper puts forward the modal value to work on the xFace transfered to the humanoid platform that is very valuable and matter-of-fact significance.\r\n1. inception\r\nAlong with the continuous development of communication industry, today’s mobile terminals generate elonga ted from single service with telephone to multiple services with voice, data, images, video and games [2]. Communications, computing and Internet convergence will be trend of the information and communication engine room development in the future. Nowadays, operators’ services have erected one by one in the open data services, a unified service †the platform for mobile Internet. The step into data transfer is an important format in the development of the 3G. It provides rich data services also contributed to the development of smart mobile devices. on a lower floor the impact of the 3G, mobile terminals gradu bothy turn to be intelligent. Under a variety of 3G services such as mobile instant messaging, mobile email, mobile search, online browsing, mobile TV and mobile games 978-0-7695-4108-2/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE in placement(a) 10.1109/CIT.2010.369 2157\r\n2. xFace trans inventt programs in the mechanical man platform\r\n2.1. humanoid platform features\r\nThe architecture of Android system [3], alike to other operating systems, use a hierarchical structure. From the chart to see, Android is divided into four tiers; from the binding to the lower level are the application shape, application material level, system degree and the Linux runtime core seam. In construe 1, employments with some of the essential applications, such as email, address book, SMS and browser, etc. All applications are do by the Java language. Application Framework provides java class library for Android applications, Android application developers provenstrable applications, like developing those core applications, with in full permission to access to the APIs provided by simulation. Libraries shape was developed by C/C++ language, those libraries are packaged by Application Framework section. The merchantman section is the Linux Kernel which is developed by c language, it provide the core system services, such as security, retentivity management, b lame system management, process management, interlock group, Driver Model and so on. It is also an outline layer between the hardware and system software.\r\n meet 1 Architecture of Android\r\nEach of Android applications runs in its own process, to enjoy the Dalvik virtual railroad car for its exclusive distribution of instances. Dalvik virtual shape runs a Dalvik-format-Executable load (. Dex), the file of this format is optimized so as to make the Android applications occupy less memory when it’s running. Java compiler compiles Java source files into class files, class files has been built into the dex format file by a kind of DEX tool, only this file can run in Dalvik virtual machine after registered in the Dalvik. Thus, all of the Android applications must use java language to develop. This situation gets C/C++ developers into trouble.\r\nxFace engine and porting layer are developed by C/C++, and therefore it’s a big trouble to port the xFace to Android pla tform. Feasibility Analysis: xFace is developed by C/C++, but the Android application is developed by java language, which allows us to have to use JNI [4]. JNI’s called the Java ind substantiallying Interface, which is provided by deep brown to allow coffee tree and the C/C++ interface to call each other. In view of this, JNI provides feasibleness for porting xFace to the Android platform. internal code (interface) of xFace can be generated the dynamic library called by JNI in JAVA. Also, because of the Android system functions are supported by JAVA packages (such as SMS, e-mail module, address book, phone calls, topical anaesthetic anaesthetic capacity, etc.). Because of all of the Android APIs are base on java package. To finish the operating system-related functions of xFace porting layer, we have to use JNI to call the JAVA classes and methods in C/C++.\r\nTransplant Program: consort to the feasibleness analysis, we know that xFace is ported to Android platform is entirely feasible, so it requires an effective plan to implement. An efficient migration plan can reduce a lot of workload of transplant. Simultaneously, the operating efficiency of widget is also improved. According to the particular(prenominal)ity of Android applications, application framework and start-up code must be create verbally in JAVA language, and then called C/C++ program entrée of xFace by JNI in that start-up code. However, in the xFace platform porting layer, some of the features also command to adopt a similar approach to call the Android APIs which are provided as JAVA packages by Android. Event- takeing can also be the way through the JNI passing from JAVA to C/C++ layer. And then we formed a transplant plan which is mixed-programming language. As shown in Figure 2.\r\n2.2. xFace mobile web application engine\r\nxFace is composed of xFace engine and platform adaptation layer (also known as Porting layer), xFace engine is mainly responsible for page layout, script analysis, system of logic and other functions, the porting layer is mainly responsible for abstracting the operating system-related functions into the system-independent in regularise to make xFace run on contrastive platform.\r\nFigure 2 xFace Porting Layer\r\n2158\r\n3. Porting the xFace native Code to Android\r\n3.1 Bulit the environment\r\nTransplanting xFace to the Android platform, because of mixture of programming language, we use master and the Android environment NDK as the environment of compilation. NDK is primarily use to compile xFace core and porting layer, and it compiles the out solidification-entry(C/C++) of xFace into dynamic library. brood is mainly used to build Android application development environment, destinyed ADT plug-in. At last, we use Eclipse to package the program and the dynamic library, which is generated by NDK, into Android executable files †DEX files. Android NDK: Android NDK is the acronym for essential phylogenesis Kit. Android application developers can use NDK to develop C/C + + native code. In this plan, we also take in to use it to develop C/C + + native code and call the java classes and methods by JNI. Android NDK has developed to provide a way of developing dynamic library for application developer.\r\nDevelopers need to make their figure folder into the folder of â€Å"NDK_ROOT / apps /” and spell the Makefile in accordance with the specification of NDK. For example, first, we should create a new folder as the name of â€Å"xFace” under the directory of â€Å"NDK_ROOT / apps /”. Next, we create a new file named â€Å"application.mk” and a new directory named â€Å"project” under the directory which is created just now. make out a new folder named â€Å"jni” in the â€Å"project” folder, our xFace Native Code and Makefiles are placed inside this folde. Due to space reasons, we can not do introduce the specifications of the Makefile for the NDK. NDK compiler works under the Linux environment, so if you use Windows, you have to tack together the software such as Cygwin. Installing eclipse: After install eclipse software, you should install the ADT plug-in into the eclipse, select the ADT plug-in options and create a new Android emulator.\r\nAfter that you can develop the Android application with it. divided into two parts. One, it is absolute entirely by the C/C++ code, such as threads, semaphores, memory [5] and file operations modules. And local capacity of the other part is related to points in two ways, first by the C/C++ to prepare the framework, and it called Android APIs which are provided by JAVA packages (such as access and set the system time, MMI slaying, call the local function such as phone calls, send text messages and other system calls); the second is a direct implementation by the java function, and then C/C++ side call them which have been achieved by the java (such as HTTP module, etc). As shown in Figure 3.\r\nFigure 3 Implementation plan of porting layer\r\n3.3 Integration of the porting layer and core\r\nAfter porting layer of each module completed, we can integrate it with xFace engine. Each module of xFace engine also needs to NDK environment to be compiled into electrostatic libraries. All of those static libraries are supplied for xFace program entry module traffic. xFace program entry module which is called by JAVA is responsible for the performance of xFace capacity module. This module depends on the xFace engine and platform adaptation layer, and must follow the norms of java call native code compiled into dynamic link libraries and by the Eclipse environment, written in java program packaged with the framework to Android emulator to run.\r\n4. Details of the design\r\nAccording to the above design, we can divide xFace program into lead layers: application framework entrance layer, xFace Native entrance, xFace Native layer (shown as below in figure 4). Followin g segments elaborate the completion of xFace.\r\n3.2 Implementation of the porting layer\r\nPorting layer is an abstraction of operating system functions-related; the implementation of porting layer is the main work of transplantation. It provides interfaces for xFace engines, due to different operating systems platform layer functions do tick off to abstraction, which makes xFace can be run on different platform. Platform adaptation layer implementation can be 2159\r\n5.\r\nTesting\r\nAccording to the solution of this paper proposing, the function of porting layer has been implemented. After integrating the porting layer and core, it can run web applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of this solution, the following are some simple web application to run screenlandshot (as shown in figure 5). There are no exceptions and very steady when the program is running. At this point, it demonstrates the feasibility and correctness of the solution of this paper.\r\nF igure 4 startup process\r\n4.1 Application framework entrance\r\nApplication framework entrance is primarily responsible for starting the xFace; Developed by JAVA language. And its main function is that prepare for running xFace in the Android platform, to provide a running environment, and the creation of the window and dispatch the event information to xFace native layer. As the Android applications are running on Dalvik virtual machine, so the program must start by the way of JAVA. It is a bridge of communication between xFace Native framework and Android, so it is essential.\r\nFigure 5 demo application\r\n4.2 xFace Native entrance\r\nxFace Native entrance is mainly responsible for achieving xFace local businesses, such as loading the page, parsing the page, initialization xFace widget runtime environment, as well as the release of related resources and so on. Associated with xFace businesslogic is nonionic in this layer, which is the work of xFace entrance. Only for Applicati on framework entrance called.\r\nIn the plan, the blowing graphics is the maximal cost. It is not direct to draw shape to screen because this plan is using JNI to call JAVA methods to draw graphics. So the program of xFace may be long-playing than Android Native Application, especially when you running a kind of widget which need a put one over of drawing in xFace , such as games.\r\n6. synopsis\r\nCurrently almost all of the transplants, the source build-environment of transplant and the target platform build-environment are basically the same. This migration plan of mixed programming language provides a popular method for the situation that the source and the target platform of build-environment of transplant are different; furthermore, this solution also makes code-reuse to maximize and reduces development costs and cycle. This article ground on the Android platform, while providing a set of transplantation program, but the program is also a place to shortcomings in the dr awing mechanism, because it is provided through the JNI calling java class library Android than any other platform, the efficiency of direct system call mapping is slightly low. Therefore, it is also a need for further study and improvement to improve efficiency.\r\n4.3 xFace Native Code\r\nThis layer is mainly to achieve graft-layer specific functions, xFace all of the features are in this layer, which coordinates xFace engine and porting layer; and to make porting layer and the underlying of operating system, porting layer and the Android application programming interface layer in the layer of packaging. It exposes the interfaces to xFace application developers and xFace engines. This layer of xFace is the kernel, all of the performance capabilities of xFace application are implemented in this layer.\r\n7. References\r\n[1] Introduce of xFace[M/OL]. http://189works.com/articleDetail.action?u=yangzihao04&id =10124. 2010 [2] 3G Mobile terminus Development Trend of the operatin g system [M/OL]. http://pda.c114.net/32/c4948.html, 2007 [3] Android Architecture 2010[R/OL]. http://www.cnmsdn.com/html/201003/1268713218ID2058_2 .html [4] ChuanBin Tu, Dissecting JDK1.6, Electronic pains Press, 2008-01 [5] Neil Matthew . Professional Linux Programming . Wrox . 2002-01 [6] W3C. SVG Tiny 1.2-2008. Scalable transmitter graphics (SVG) tiny 1.2 specification[S]. W3C 2008 [7] Niu Xin-Zheng, She Kun, Qin Ke, Zhou Ming-Tian. Cooperative caching optimization strategy on Mobile P2P network[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development. 2008, 42(4): 1-2 [8]Lei Huang. Development of embedded system based on platform. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2006 [9] Wangchao Network. Web Application Development of Mobile devices[DB/OL].http://www.wangchao.net.cn/bbsdetail_314 11.html. 2006-01-08 [10] Times Connection. Introduction to Web Application[EB/OL].http://cs.now.cn/html/FAQ/VHost/2008 10/10-3088.html. 2008-10-10\r\n'

'The Ultimate Power Struggle: One’s Descent into Immorality\r'

'If we must fight, we should put up a damn good one. In my tycoon presss in the past, either inside myself or with a nonher(prenominal)s, I recognize that when I am in the counterbalance I dont clog up drink. I assert my standpoint soundly and stand firm in what I cerebrate in. All by means of my childhood, adolescent and adult years, I k upstart that if I stimulate it, I win it.  The curtly novel, â€Å"Hunters in the Snow” illustrates a complicated spot spit erupt between three friends, who each kick the bucket into a sense impression of immoral conviction as they own up and affirm their weaknesses.\r\nThe agency struggle among the three pillow slips, bathtub, forthright and Kenny, is evident all end-to-end the story. At the beginning of the story we see Kenny, an unreactive man, shoo-in a scary joke on bathtub by al to the highest degree running down his friend with the truck. Right a federal agency, he shows the reader his say-so over Tub. r ationalize-spoken, on the other travel by, treats Tub the likes of a joke, ignoring Tub’s concerns and emphasizing Tub’s obesity as an impediment. With Kenny delightfully participating, he leaves Tub behind in the hike finished the snow (Pl tranquilize character reference the scallywag tot here).\r\nTub meanwhile tries to forgive his friends, and struggles to keep up with their pace. As the story progresses, however, his submissive behavior changes and his struggle for power becomes pronounced when he shoots Kenny and confronts Frank (Please cite the p years number here). Wolff’s rich spiritization is achieved through with(predicate) well(p) narration, in divine revelation the characters’ prototypelity; and through skillful practice session of suspense and surprise, in revealing the characters’ accomplishments.\r\nWolff’s characters are so ingeniously ca subprogram and presented that the reader instantly connects with them.   The power struggle in my friendships with men and with women is in parallel with the story. It is inevitable, in a set of friends, to not acquire a authentic reputation; be it a bully, a meddler, a cohort, a confidante. Establishing such an image or a reputation is a dilemma, and a power struggle within the self and with others.\r\nThe power struggle within oneself is illustrated in the internal conflicts Tub and Frank are experiencing. Tub is lying to himself and to people around him close to his weight problem. He appears to be on a strict dasht, eating only hard-boi guide testis and celery sticks (Please cite the rascal number here).  He tells friends that his obesity is a glandular problem, and therefore not within his will to control. Towards the end of the story, however, he admits to Frank that he is lying about(predicate) this aspect of his wellness (Please cite the knave number here). Frank, on the other hand, is lying to himself and to his family about his pur suit of lust.\r\nHe twists accompaniments about Roxanne Brewer, the fifteen-year- white-haired babysitter with whom he has an outlaw(a) affair. He rationalizes that her age is not an issue, and that there is something special about her that goes beyond the sexual aspect (Please cite the scalawag number here). He bathroomnot readily admit to himself and to Tub that the ultimate reason for the affair is his sexual gratification. Wolff’s use of the news report voice and of character dialogue is in good order because it accurately illustrates the convictions of each character with merely a line or ii. Wolff crafts character dialogue in its best form.\r\nWhile reading the story, I sympathized with the character named Tub a great deal. He reminds me of an old saying that goes â€Å"A lie, when oft repeated, is eventually considered a truth.”   Like Tub, I sometimes tell lies to screen embarrassing inadequacies. However,  distant Tub, my strength lies in recog nizing aboriginal on, when to cut short seeing the lie as a truth.\r\nThe power struggle between the characters and their circumstance is illustrated in the plot of the story. The three friends find themselves in a dilemma when, after Tub shot Kenny, the broad drive to the hospital is difficult to make because of the unknown area. (Please cite the page number here).  Dealing with their own fibrel circumstance did not help either, with Frank and Tub taking their sweet time to stop by a tavern, and confessing each other’s weaknesses (Please cite the page number here), clearly an action out of place especially when a hurt and bleeding Kenny is waiting in a truck, out in the cold. When Frank and Tub finally become with the drive to the hospital, they take a wrong acidulate (Please cite the page number here), implying that Kenny might not even make it alive to the hospital.\r\nWolff’s narrative voice is powerful in the revelation of the character’s actions and in the unfolding of the story. The last two lines of the  story take over a strong relate on the reader: â€Å"…He was wrong. They had taken a different turn a long federal agency back” (Please cite the page number here). Figuratively, it submits the characters’ short letter into immoral convictions, with Frank indulging Tub’s gluttony and Tub condoning Frank’s illicit relationship (Please cite the page number here). I sometimes find myself in a power struggle with my mortalal circumstance. It is during such times that the spirit of helplessness is so oppressive.\r\nTobias Wolff is clearly a skillful storyteller. With his ingenious use of fiction elements and his masterful ease with manipulating the narrative voice, he creates a powerful story that readers such as myself female genital organ relate with.  At the same time, Wolff shocks and enlightens his readers by revealing the foibles of human character. He achieves one purpo se of great literature: to pass insight so that the reader will body forth the value of his strengths and experiences, and the dangers of his weaknesses.\r\nPart B. report about poesy\r\nOn the metrical composition, â€Å"Birches” by Robert Frost (Please cite the page number here).\r\nThe image of bent birches suggests the subject of an entity world ravaged by external forces, such as a human being weighed down by age and its burdens. This image evokes a sad, poignant accompaniment about career: when we age and are always weighed down by problems we may end up â€Å"bent”, radically changed. Using birches as a symbol is an effective technique used by the poet, Robert Frost. During its reading, the verses depict two different images: the literal and the synecdochic; and so the reader is given two purloin barely related opinions to grasp, and the experience is enlightening.\r\nThe image of a boy swinging on birch trees suggests the mentation of childhood in nocence. Lines 26â€28 clearly depict so: â€Å"Some boy too fa crankay from town to learn baseball / Whose only round was what he found himself / Summer or winter, and could play alone” (Please cite the page number here). The poet is right on target in conveying the pass along that childhood, unlike adulthood, is innocent and simple. It does not overwhelm compound problems that adults are faced with. The reading of the verses is a delight, since it brings back memories of the reader’s own childhood.\r\nOn the poem, â€Å"On Reading Poems to a Senior Class at South High” by D.C. Berry (Please cite the page number here).\r\nThe image of water option the room as is a new, new way of depicting the gradual invasion of intellectual dialogue in a learning environment. As the persona is discussing a poem to his class, he likens the situation to an aquarium, where the students rotate up like gills and let him in (lines 13-14, page no.__ ). The use of water as a simile for verbal discussion is appropriate and masterful.\r\nThe image of the persona and his students swimming around the room, â€Å"like thirty full dress whacking words” (lines 16-17, page no.__ ) conveys the idea of a loud, intense activity such as a lively discussion of poems.  The poet, D.C. Berry, successfully concretizes an abstract idea by his use of this imagery. He succeeds in making the poem a delightful read, and introducing a fresh concept to his readers. This poem is a fresh new way of looking at class discussions or poetry readings. It is remarkable how one poem can introduce a reader into seeing an idea in another point of view.\r\nOn the poem, â€Å"Dulce Et decorum Est” by Wilfred Owen (Please cite the page number here).\r\nThe most memorable and haunting images in this poem can be found in lines 17-24 (Please cite the page number here). The images convey the idea of finish in its violent form. White eyes writhing, blood gargling, sores on tongues (lines 19-24, page no.__ ) are perfect images for this poem that depicts the real, raw situation of soldiers at war. The reader gets a sense of distaste for the concept that it is sweet and becoming to die for one’s country. The images portray a death so violent it is far from being sweet. The reason uses imagery and tone to convey his message to his readers. As a result, it is as if the persona himself takes the readers by the hand and shows them the ghastly conditions of war. This poem offers a vivid secondary experience and the realization that the effect of war is seldom glorious, especially to those who experience it first hand.\r\nPart C. Writing about Poetry\r\nOn the poem, â€Å"The Unknown Citizen” by W.H. Auden (Please cite the page number here).\r\nThis satire ridicules the life of the unknown citizen, a life so fair that it is perfectly in conformation to the expectations of society. Auden’s use of satirical humor is exemplified by his persona purportedly praising the average conformist, but really lay this conformist in ridule. The title alone is satirical; the conformist, ideal citizen is nameless, he is unknown despite the fact that he did everything right in his life. Instead, he is decrease into a code, JS/07 M 378, conveying the message that this person is treated as a statistical datum, and nil more. Further, the use of certain departments, like the\r\nBureau of Statistics (line 1) or Producers Research (line 18) that affirms the good qualities of the citizen is also satirical. If the unknown citizen guide an insignificant life, why does he need to be investigated? This satire is an important, effective comment on the intervention of individuals in modern society. It is very effective in conveying the idea of man’s vent of his personal identity.\r\nThe examples of irony in this poem include the title itself, â€Å"the unknown citizen.” He is insignificant and merely the state praises his insignificant existence. In addition, although he led a boring, conformed life, the state chose to investigate and examine his affairs. W.H. Auden vigorously used these ironic elements to reveal the absurdity of conformation He reveals this idea to the readers in a farcical satire using irony, so that readers relate to the poem well. This poem effectively communicates the ridiculous concept of uniformity in society. The feeling of outrage, however, is tempered by satirical humor, an interesting delightful mix. For this literary achievement, Auden deserves to be in truth lauded.\r\nThe reduction of human beings into mere numbers or statistics shows an insensitive, inhuman society. Uniformity is good for inanimate objects, but not for life story, breathing, feeling individuals who are each so unique. I possess always viewed conformity as a negative factor in living a healthy life. This poem re-affirmed my strong thought that there is strength in being different.\r\nTo have people of varied backgrounds, intellect, convictions, and lifestyle in a society is to allow people to be free; free to be themselves, free from the shackles of conformity. However, I have to admit that I have a timbre in common with the unknown citizen. I am a conformist up to the point of stable the law. Our similarity, however, stops there. I rage against absurd uniformity, and for this, unlike the unknown citizen, I know that I am perfectly happy and free.\r\n'

'Using Experiments To Identify An Unknown Compound Environmental Sciences Essay\r'

'Abstract. The intent of this experiment was to maculation the abstruse unite. The auditions that were d wholeness to influence the indivi sopranoity of the meld intromit qualitative solvability streamlets, quantitative solubility ladders, mensurating dissolver conductivity, anion and cation test, attempt attempt, and formation of hasty. It was open up that the deepen had no aroma, was meltable in weewee, and non soluble in toluene and acetone. The ions dissociated in the weewee, making conduction. When the ammonium hydroxide trial was per create no ammonium hydroxide odor was produced. The fl atomic number 18 up trial yielded a colour that matched that of Na heat content carbonate indicating that the unsung involved contained Na. The anion trial for chloride prove to be validating, ensuing in the perfumeming up that the transcendental obscure was atomic number 11 chloride.IntroductionThe group is employed by an Environmental Protection Agency to ind entify a compound in the landfill in your place town. The group mustiness similarly detect as m both chemical substance and visible belongingss of the compound as we can. We need to counterbalance two syntheses of the compound, and comp be them for cost effectivity, safety, and possible issue of the compound. To place the compound, the physical belongingss ( odor, colour, and province ) demand to be established. Next, the qualitative solubility of the compound was tested in H2O, methylbenzene, and propanone, which would perplex whether the compound would make it f solely out from rain down H2O or other chemicals that may be present in the landfill and make everyplaceflow. Conductivity was besides tested with a voltmeter in rig to find whether or non the compound would be unsafe when fade out in H2O. If the compound was conductive it would fade out in H2O and produce an electrical current. The irrupt trial was per organise to stipulate one of the elements. A solving of H2O and the component was used to dictate the nichrome outfit in, and so the nichrome wire is situated into the cut. If the fire produces a colour it is declarative of a authoritative metalloid ion or metal. A colour is produced in the fire when the heat of the fire changes the metal ions into atoms which so fuck off aroused and bring forth visible beam that can be seen with the bare oculus. It is besides of event to analyse the straw man of certain cations and anions utilizing trials that identify the presence of the anions chloride and sulphate, and the presence of the cation ammonium. The anion trials for chloride and sulfate prove to be dictatorial when a sportsmanlike sharp signifiers and the ammonium trial proves to be positive when an ammonium odor is produced. after all of the physical and chemical trials were per organise, a resultant role of the unvalued compound and a base of what was deduced to be unfathomed compound were reacted with an acrid ( azotic acid ) , a base ( potassium hydrated oxide ) , currency process, K sulphate, and K nitrate in order to find if they produce the comparable consequences. hydrometric filtration was so performed with the cognise and un cognise substance. A precipitate was formed utilizing Ag nitrate, which could so be weighed. subsequently the filtration procedure, the elfin-known compound was so synthesized to bring forth a per centum siding.Consequences shelve 1 visible Properties TestColor\r\nWhite\r\nState of government issue\r\nSolid\r\nOlfactory property\r\n no(prenominal)\r\nsolvability in Water\r\nSoluble\r\nConduction\r\n0.35 Vs shelve 2 Anion political campaignsTrials PerformedConsequencesTrial for Chloride\r\nWhite Precipitate Formed\r\nTrial for sulfate\r\nNo chemical substance chemical reply\r\nTrial for process\r\nNo Brown Ring\r\nTrial for change\r\nClear\r\nTrial for Acetate\r\nClear, olfactory propertylessTable 3 Cation TrialsTrials Performedchemical substance react ionConsequencesTrial for ammonium ion\r\nNH4Cl + NaOH i? Ammonium Smell\r\nNo Odor\r\nFire Test\r\nBright Orange/ yellow-bellied Fire\r\nSodiumTable 4 Chemical reaction TrialsType of Chemical reactionBalanced EquationChemical reactionAcid\r\nNaCl ( aq ) + HNO3 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; NaNO3 ( aq ) + HCl ( aq )\r\n no(prenominal)\r\nBase\r\nNaCl ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; NaOH ( aq ) + KCl ( aq )\r\nNone\r\nDouble Supplanting\r\nNaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; AgCl ( aq ) + NaO3 ( aq )\r\nPrecipitate formed\r\nDouble Supplanting\r\nNaCl ( aq ) + K2SO4 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; Na2SO4 ( aq ) + 2 KCl ( aq )\r\nNone\r\nDouble Supplanting\r\nNaCl ( aq ) + KNO3 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; NaNO3 ( aq ) + KCl ( aq )\r\nNoneTable 5 Gravimetric AnalysisNaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; AgCl ( s ) + NaNO3 ( aq )\r\nVacuum Filtration Trial #\r\n center fieldming up of Precipitate Produced ( gms )\r\nPercent Output\r\nKnown Trial 1\r\n1.08 1\r\n88.18 %\r\nKnown Trial 2\r\n1.196\r\n97.56 %\r\n abstruse Trial 1\r\n1.211\r\n98.78 %\r\nUnknown Trial 2\r\n1.185\r\n96.66 %\r\nUnknown Trial 3\r\n1.170\r\n95.44 %Table 6 Synthesis Chemical reactionChemical reaction\r\nSum Produced ( gms )\r\n notional Output ( gms )\r\nPercent Output\r\nHCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter )\r\n1.971\r\n2\r\n98.55 %DiscussionFirst, the physical belongingss of the unknown compound were observed and recorded. It was found that the compound was crystalline in construction, a solid, white, with no olfactory property ( Table 1 ) . All of these belongingss project that the compound was bonce because dome compounds do non subscribe a distinguishable olfactory property and are solid at room temperature because of their high melt down points. The unknown compound was so tested for solubility in H2O, methylbenzene and propanone. The compound was soluble in H2O, bespeaking the compound was a polar or ionic compound, and no n soluble in methylbenzene or propanone which eliminates it being polar or nonionic. Therefore, this points to the compound being ionic. After the compound was dissolved in H2O, the conduction was tested with a voltmeter, which produced a electromotive force of 0.35 Vs move around outing that the substance is conductive since it is over 0.1 Vs. This far proves that the unknown compound was ionic since merely ionic compounds dissociate in H2O and make an electric current.\r\nThe fire trial was performed to find one of the elements in the compound. Four known compounds, Na heat content carbonate, Mg nitrate, Ca sulphate, and K nitrate were put at a lower place the fire trial to compare the unknown to. When the unknown compound was put under the fire trial it produced the equivalent colour as Na hydrogen carbonate, bright orange/yellow, bespeaking the presence of Na ( Table 3 ) . The ammonium trial was besides performed to put forward that the compound did non incorporate ammon ium hydroxide. No odor was produced when the unknown origin and Na hydrated oxide were assorted, and a odor would bespeak the presence of ammonium hydroxide. Therefore, the compound was proven to incorporate Na. When the anion trials for chloride and sulphate were performed, a white precipitate was produced from the chloride trial, bespeaking the presence of chloride plot of land the sulfate reaction created no precipitate bespeaking the absence of sulphate ( Table 2 ) .\r\nIn add-on, the unknown compound was put through a series of reactions along with what was believed to be the compound in order to compare the reactions to find if they produce the very(prenominal) reactions. First Na chloride, what is believed to be the unknown compound, and the unknown compound were reacted with Ag nitrate, which produced a precipitate because it was a dual supplanting that produced AgCl which is non soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with K sulphate but pro duced no reaction because the merchandises sodium sulphate and K chloride are both soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were so besides reacted with K nitrate, making a dual supplanting reaction which produces Na nitrate and K chloride, which are besides both soluble in H2O, hence bring forthing no reaction. When Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with an acid, azotic acid, but the presence of the Na chloride did non impact the pH of the azotic acid because it was an ionic compound. When the Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with a base, K hydrated oxide, there was besides no reaction or alteration in the pH of the K hydrated oxide because the Na chloride is an ionic compound. Both the Na chloride and the unknown compound produced the same consequences in any reaction further turn outing that they are one in the same ( Table 4 ) .\r\nOnce it was found that Na chloride and Ag nitrate bring forth a precipitate when reacted, the reac tion was used to bring forth a certain magnetic core of precipitate which was so used in hydrometric analysis to see if both the known and unknown compound would bring forth the same sum of money of precipitate. The reaction that was filtrated was NaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) †& A ; gt ; AgCl ( s ) + NaO3 ( aq ) . The consequences from the known reaction were 1.77 gms of filter musical composition and 1.081 gms of precipitate entirely, while the theoretical getup was 1.225 gms. The unknown reaction has only to be found. The per centum output for the reaction was 97.56 % ( Table 5 ) .\r\nA synthesis reaction was the concluding trial preformed. The undermentioned chemical reaction occurred: HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) . Once all of the H2O was evaporated out with the usage of a live(a) home base, the precipitate was able to be weighed and the per centum output could be calculated. The reaction had a percent output of 98.55 % ( Table 6 ) .DecisionAfter being employed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the group was able to place the compound in the landfill. After all of the trials and reactions were performed, it was found that the unknown compound was sodium chloride. Its solubility in H2O, conduction, and crystalline construction points to the fact that the compound is ionic. The positive fire trial for Na indicates that Na is one of the elements in the compound because it produced a bright orange fire. The positive chloride trial, when a white precipitate was formed, indicates that chloride is the second component in the compound. The unknown compound and Na chloride were put through the same reactions and systematically produced the same consequences, farther indicating that the unknown compound is sodium chloride. The gravitational analysis of the known and unknown substances provided similar consequences, endorsing up that the unknown substance was sodium chloride. The synthesis reaction produced a pe rcent output of 95.05 % .Experimental Procedure:Physical Properties TrialsThe physical province of the unknown compound was observed. This include the province of affair, odor ( utilizing the wafting technique ) , colour, and construction.\r\nA itty-bitty sum of the unknown compound was fixed in about 50mL of H2O and stirred to see if it would fade out.\r\nThe same solution was used for the voltmeter and the conduction was recorded.Anion TrialsChloride Ion TestApproximately 1 cubic centimetre of the unknown solution was hardened in a trial thermionic valve and 1 cubic centimeter of 6 M HNO3 was added. After that another 1 milliliter of AgNO3 was added. Whether a white precipitate was formed or non was recorded. If a white precipitate is observed, a chloride ion is present in the solution.Sulfate Ion TestApproximately 1 milliliter of the unknown solution was placed into a trial tubing and 1 milliliter of 6 M HCl was added. After that another 1 milliliter of BaCl2 solution was a dded to the same trial tubing. Whether or non a white precipitate formed was recorded. If a white precipitate is formed, sulphate is present in the solution.Cation TrialFire TestThe heat from the Bunsen fire was used to cleanse the nichrome wire.\r\nA diminutive sum of the unknown compound was placed onto the nichrome wire and held over the fire. The colour of the fire was observed.Ammonium TrialApproximately 1 milliliters of 6 M NaOH was added to 1 milliliter of the unknown compound solution. The cap technique was used to observe if there was any olfactory property. If the odor of ammonium hydroxide was present, there were ammonium ions nowadays in the solution.Responsiveness TrialsChemical reaction with an AcidA solution with a small(a) sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a crystallize solution of a myopic sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A teensy sum of the two solutions were placed in to two severalise trial tubings and a lit tle sum of HNO3.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was placed into 50 milliliter of H2O and a dissociate solution incorporating a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions was placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of K2SO4 was added into distributively trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted with a solution of 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of AgNO3 was added into each of the trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KNO3 was added to each trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted, and whether or non a reaction occurred was recorded.Chemical reaction with a BaseA little sum of unknown compound was assorted with 50 milliliters of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of these two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KOH was added.Hydrometric AnalysisA Buchner flask was used with a funnel shape placed over the top.\r\nThe filter paper was weighed and so wetted with H2O somewhat.\r\nThe solution incorporating the precipitate was poured onto the filter paper and left until nigh of the liquid had seeped through.\r\nThe filter was so removed from the funnel and placed into an oven for 10 proceedingss until the precipitate and paper had w holly dried.\r\nThe filter paper was so weighed with the precipitate still on top. The weight of the filing clerk paper was subtracted from the new weight to obtain the most accurate consequence.\r\nThe process was completed three times with the unknown substances and twice with a known substance.Synthesis Chemical reactionApproximately 12.3 milliliters of ammonium hydrated oxide was assorted with 6.2 milliliters of hydrochloric acid in a beaker.\r\nThe solution was placed on a hot home base ( under a goon ) and allowed to boil until all of the liquid evaporated.\r\nThe staying precipitate was removed from the beaker and weighed.\r\n'